Disclaimer

All calculators on CalculatorKosh are provided for informational and educational purposes only. They are not — and should not be construed as — financial advice, tax advice, medical advice, legal advice, or any other form of professional recommendation.

We do not store any personal data you enter into our calculators. All computation happens locally in your browser. We do not transmit, log, sell, or analyse the values you type. Reloading the page clears your inputs — use the “Share” button to capture the URL with your numbers if you want to come back to a calculation.

Output values are estimates based on the formulas, rates, and assumptions explicitly stated on each calculator page. Rates and regulations change — we update the embedded constants as quickly as feasible after a regulator notification, but there can be a lag. Always verify against the most recent source before acting.

Mutual fund investments are subject to market risks. Read all scheme-related documents carefully before investing. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. The calculators on CalculatorKosh project returns based on a constant expected-return rate you specify — actual mutual fund NAV varies with market conditions, fund manager decisions, and broader macro factors.

XIRR, CAGR, SIP, Lumpsum, Step-Up SIP, SWP, and Mutual Fund Returns calculators show projected values, not guaranteed outcomes. The standard 12 % equity return assumption used in many of our examples is the long-term Indian Nifty 50 CAGR (~12-13 % over 20+ years) — your actual fund may materially under- or over-perform this baseline. For Direct vs Regular fund comparisons, the differential is driven by total-expense-ratio difference, not by guaranteed alpha.

For stock-trading calculators (Brokerage, SPAN Margin, Option Pricing via Black-Scholes, Stock Average, IPO Return, Pivot Points), the math is canonical but the input assumptions (volatility, rate, fees) must be supplied by you. Black-Scholes assumes constant volatility and no early exercise — single-stock American-style options will trade slightly above the BSM theoretical value.

Consult a SEBI-registered investment advisor before making investment decisions based on calculator outputs. CalculatorKosh is not registered with SEBI or any other financial regulator.

Premium estimators on CalculatorKosh use indicative rate cards anchored to a specific quarter (currently Q1 2026) from the major Indian insurers — LIC, HDFC Life, ICICI Prudential, Tata AIA, Max Life, Bajaj Allianz, ICICI Lombard, HDFC ERGO, Niva Bupa, Star Health, Care, Reliance General. Actual quoted premiums vary by insurer, by individual underwriting (PED, medical declaration, age, gender, smoking status), by ride / driving history (motor), and by trip / destination (travel).

Calculator output is NOT a binding quote. To get a binding quote, contact the insurer directly or use an IRDAI-licensed broker / aggregator. For Schengen visa applications, the minimum €30,000 (~$33,000 USD) medical coverage requirement is an EU rule — confirm with the consulate; our $50K tier is the safe minimum interpretation.

For motor insurance (Car / Bike): Third-Party (TP) premium is IRDAI-fixed for the financial year and revised approximately annually. Own Damage (OD) premium is insurer-discretionary post-detariffication (2007). No Claim Bonus (NCB) starts at 20 % after one claim-free year and steps to 50 % after five years; it resets to 0 % if you claim, unless NCB Protection add-on is bought.

For LIC endowment policies: maturity values use historical bonus rates from LIC's 2020-2025 circulars (average ₹40-55 per ₹1,000 SA per year depending on plan + term band). Actual bonus rates declared annually by LIC may vary. Surrender values use simplified GSV/SSV formulas and could vary ±10 % from the published Special Surrender Value tables.

For ULIP: charges (allocation, mortality, FMC, admin) follow IRDAI ULIP regulations (2010 + 2019 amendments) but vary by insurer and product. Sec 10(10D) tax-free maturity requires Sum Assured ≥ 10× annual premium AND (per Budget 2021) annual premium ≤ ₹2.5L for policies bought after February 2021.

Indian tax calculators on CalculatorKosh reflect the rules and slabs as notified by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and Ministry of Finance for the financial year stated on each page (currently FY 2026-27). Tax law changes via the Union Budget on Feb 1 each year, and additional CBDT circulars revise specific provisions throughout the year. We update the constants within ~3-5 days of Budget Day; if a calculator references an older FY, it's explicitly labelled.

For the new tax regime (Sec 115BAC), the FY 2026-27 slabs are: nil up to ₹4L → 5 % to ₹8L → 10 % to ₹12L → 15 % to ₹16L → 20 % to ₹20L → 25 % to ₹24L → 30 % above. Sec 87A full rebate up to ₹12L taxable (effectively zero tax for incomes ≤ ₹12L). Standard deduction ₹75K. New regime caps surcharge at 25 % (vs 37 % under old regime).

For capital gains (post-Budget 2024, effective 23 July 2024): listed equity STCG 20 %, listed equity LTCG above ₹1.25L = 12.5 % — applies to shares with STT paid. Other LTCG (unlisted equity, gold, property, debt funds acquired before April 2023) is 12.5 % without indexation OR for property acquired before 23 July 2024 the taxpayer may choose 20 % with indexation if it produces a lower tax. Debt mutual funds acquired on or after 1 April 2023 are always taxed at slab rate (no LTCG).

For crypto (Sec 115BBH, Finance Act 2022): flat 30 % on VDA gains plus 4 % cess and applicable surcharge. No deduction other than cost of acquisition. No indexation. No loss set-off — losses can't offset other VDA gains, other heads of income, nor carry forward. Sec 194S 1 % TDS on transfer turnover above ₹50,000 / FY (₹10,000 for specified persons).

For NRI / forex / LRS: 20 % TCS on LRS remittances above the ₹10L annual threshold (reduced to 2 % for education / medical post-Budget 2026, 0.5 % for education funded via Sec 80E loan). LRS annual cap is USD 250,000 per individual.

Tax computation can be sensitive to facts that calculator forms can't capture— claim eligibility, residential status, source of income, treaty benefits, set-off rules. Consult a chartered accountant (CA) for binding advice before filing returns or making large tax-affecting decisions.

EMI calculators use the canonical reducing-balance annuity formula: EMI = [P × r × (1+r)^n] / [(1+r)^n − 1]. The math is exact; the inputs (loan amount, interest rate, tenure) are yours to supply. Actual bank-quoted rates vary by lender, by borrower's CIBIL / credit score, by income, by employer category (PSU / MNC / Pvt-Tier-1 / Pvt-Tier-2 typically tier the rate by 25-50 bps), and by relationship history with the lender.

Eligibility calculators (Personal Loan Eligibility, Home Loan Affordability, Home Loan Eligibility) use the FOIR (Foreseeable Obligations to Income Ratio) rule used by most Indian banks — typically 50-60 % of monthly income for salaried, 40-55 % for self-employed, 35-50 % for senior citizens. The calculator's eligibility estimate is the upper-bound mathematical fit; actual sanction depends on lender's underwriting policy and credit assessment.

For balance transfer: under RBI's foreclosure rules (Master Direction, August 2014), no foreclosure charge applies on floating-rate home loans to individual borrowers — this is reflected in our calculator. For fixed-rate loans or non-individual borrowers, foreclosure charges may apply per the original loan agreement.

Education loan calculators include Section 80E benefit math (full deduction of interest paid for up to 8 years from start of repayment) but the deduction is only useful if you have taxable income in the repayment year.

Credit card EMI: convert-to-EMI carries an effective APR of 13-18 % nominal (plus 18 % GST on the interest), versus 36-42 % APR for revolving credit. EMI conversion is usually the cheaper option IF you can't pay the full bill in cash. Best option: pay in full, on time, every month.

Health calculators on CalculatorKosh are not medical advice. They are mathematical / formulaic estimators based on published clinical formulas (Mifflin-St Jeor for BMR, Naegele's rule for pregnancy due date, WHO Asia-Pacific / ICMR cutoffs for BMI, ACOG / ISUOG guidelines for gestational age) and are intended only as informational starting points for a conversation with your healthcare provider.

The BMI calculator offers both the standard WHO scale (overweight ≥ 25, obese ≥ 30) and the WHO Asia-Pacific revised scale (overweight ≥ 23, obese ≥ 25) — the latter is what ICMR and Indian medical practitioners typically use for the South-Asian body composition, which carries higher cardiovascular and diabetes risk at lower BMI than European-origin populations. Neither scale distinguishes muscle mass from fat mass; athletes, the elderly, and pregnant women may need adjusted interpretation.

Pregnancy Due Date: Naegele's rule (LMP + 280 days) is a clinical projection — only ~5 % of babies are actually born on EDD. Most deliveries occur between weeks 37-42. First-trimester ultrasound (weeks 8-13) is more accurate than LMP-based dating for irregular cycles.

Ovulation and Period calculators predict the most likely fertile window and next period based on your reported cycle length and last LMP. Stress, illness, diet, hormonal medications, and many other factors can shift actual ovulation by ±5 days. These tools should not be used as the sole method of contraception OR as the sole basis for conception timing.

TDEE (Total Daily Energy Expenditure) uses Mifflin-St Jeor BMR × activity multiplier. Real-world TDEE varies by ±10-15 % from the formula due to NEAT (Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis) differences, metabolic adaptation to caloric restriction, and individual hormonal variation. The macro presets (especially Indian vegetarian / non-vegetarian) are starting points, not prescriptions.

For any health or medical decision — consult a registered medical practitioner. If you suspect pregnancy, miss your period unexpectedly, observe rapid weight change, or have symptoms that concern you, see a doctor regardless of what any calculator says.

Lifestyle calculators use industry-standard formulas (ASHRAE Manual J for AC tonnage, ISEER star ratings for AC power, BEE labelling for energy efficiency, NOAA for sunrise / sunset) combined with India-specific tariff and price snapshots (typically labelled with the date of capture, e.g. "May 2026 snapshot").

Electricity Bill: tariff data comes from the latest published rate orders for 8 major state discoms — MSEDCL (Maharashtra), BESCOM (Karnataka), TNEB (Tamil Nadu), BSES (Delhi), KSEB (Kerala), UPPCL (Uttar Pradesh), TSSPDCL (Telangana), APSPDCL (Andhra Pradesh). Tariffs revise approximately annually after state regulator hearings — verify against your latest bill if calculator output diverges from observed amount by > 10 %.

Fuel Cost Trip: petrol / diesel / CNG prices are city snapshots from Indian Oil Corporation public rate boards as of the labelled date. Daily price changes (since 2017 dynamic pricing) mean the shown values may be 5-15 % stale at any given moment — check the IOCL website for the current day.

Solar ROI: assumes PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana subsidy tiers (₹30K for 1 kW, ₹60K for 2 kW, ₹78K for 3 kW+) as published by MNRE. Some states add their own top-up subsidies which are listed in the calculator's state selector. System cost ₹/kW varies by panel quality (mono- vs poly- crystalline), inverter brand, mounting type — ₹55,000/kW is a 2025-2026 average. Annual generation 1,500 kWh per kW is the all-India average; ranges from ~1,300 in Kerala to ~1,800 in Rajasthan.

EV Charging Cost: assumes 10 % AC charging loss (actual range 5-15 % depending on charger efficiency and ambient temperature — cold reduces efficiency). Home tariff slabs vary by state. Public DC fast charging tariffs vary by operator (Tata Power Z+, Statiq, Ather Grid, ChargeZone) — verify on the operator's app before plugging in. Manufacturer-stated EV range is ARAI-certified; real-world range is typically 70-85 % of ARAI in mixed driving.

Area Converter (Indian Units): bigha sizes vary by state (UP / Bihar / MP / HP / Rajasthan / Punjab each use different acres-per-bigha — UP is largest at ~27,225 sqft; HP / Rajasthan / Punjab smaller). Choose the correct state variant for accurate conversion.

Astronomy calculators use peer-reviewed algorithms — NOAA Solar Position Algorithm (Jean Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms, Ch. 25) for sunrise / sunset, Lahiri Ayanamsa (Government of India Calendar Reform Committee, 1957) for the sidereal reference used in Panchang. Accuracy is ±1 minute for sun events at typical Indian latitudes; ±5 minutes for moonrise / moonset (Karva Chauth) due to Moon's more complex apparent motion.

Rahu Kaal and Choghadiya are traditional Vedic time muhurats — the 1/8th-of-daylight inauspicious slot (Rahu Kaal) and the 8-slot day + 8-slot night cycle (Choghadiya). These are algorithmic divisions of daylight / nighttime hours by day-of-week patterns. They have no predictive or causal validity in any scientific framework; they are cultural / religious observances. CalculatorKosh presents them as accurately computed muhurats per traditional rules, not as actionable advice.

Karva Chauth Moonrise: pre-computed dates for 2026-2030 (Kartik Krishna Chaturthi) cross-verified against Drik Panchang. Local visible moonrise can vary ±5 minutes from astronomical moonrise due to hills, tall buildings, weather, and atmospheric refraction. For ritual precision, wait for actual moon sighting per your family tradition.

CalculatorKosh makes a best effort to keep calculator constants, rates, and thresholds current. We update on a published maintenance calendar (Budget Day Feb 1, FY rollover Apr 1, quarterly small-savings rate notifications, ad-hoc policy changes). Despite this, there may be a lag between a regulator's notification and our update. We accept no liability for losses, missed opportunities, incorrect decisions, or any other consequences arising from use of the calculators on this site.

The calculators on CalculatorKosh are tools to help you think — not substitutes for the judgement of a qualified professional (chartered accountant, SEBI-registered investment advisor, IRDAI-licensed insurance broker, registered medical practitioner, advocate). For decisions involving material sums of money, your health, your tax filings, or your insurance claims — please consult one.

If you spot an error — a wrong rate, an outdated cap, a formula bug — please report it. We fix errors quickly when surfaced.

CalculatorKosh does not collect or transmit the inputs you enter into our calculators. All computation happens locally in your browser. Inputs are not persisted — reloading the page clears them. To share or revisit a specific calculation, use the “Share” button: it copies a URL that encodes your inputs as query parameters so the calculation reproduces on open.

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